Bath projects: layouts and photos

For a long time the Russian bath was surrounded by a mystical halo. Here they not only bathed, but also guessed on holidays. The bath had its own "kind" of brownie - a bannik. Although in this place people were cleared of dirt, it was considered nasty, they even tried not to bring things from here to the house. Bathhouse has always been on the outskirts of the site. Many caused this placement by unclean, which they sought to keep away from the apartment building. In fact, everything was much more prosaic: even in those days there were fire safety standards. A log house or another type of wood construction (log, timber), in which there is a stove that is periodically melted with firewood, is a potential source of danger of accidental ignition. Even today, traditional Russian baths are also trying to build at a certain distance from private houses. Although now there are a lot of other options for how to wash and relax, the pair still hold the palm branch of the championship. The same therapeutic effect cannot be obtained even in the most modern jacuzzi or shower. Consider the projects of baths, their zoning methods, options for the selection of furniture and design features.

Design features

The whole process of building a bath is divided into several important stages:

  • Training. The choice of location. Creating a project with sketches, diagrams of the location of communication lines and the size of the entire building, its individual rooms, the height of the walls.
  • Construction of the foundation, floor, walls, roof.
  • Carrying out interior work. The choice of equipment. Installing the stove, finishing work.
  • Arrangement of furniture, room decoration.

The most difficult stage is considered preparatory. If it is bad to think out a plan for further actions, then during work there can be serious problems that will have to be solved and distracted from construction. Designing can be entrusted to professionals and get your hands on ready-made documentation. The most persistent develop the project independently. The article has a number of tips for this category of people, which will facilitate their work and help you not to miss important aspects.

About square

As for the area, there is no single standard for baths. Each owner himself chooses the optimal size of the building, based on the needs of his family and the capabilities of the site. For example, on small properties, where the apple has nowhere to fall, mobile saunas are set up. If necessary, they can be moved around the site. On average, such a small bathhouse can hold no more than two people at a time. Its area can be 2x2 m, 2x2.5 m, 2x3 m or 3x3 m, 3x4 m. In areas where there is still a place for a permanent bath, put compact, compact options, consisting only of a steam room, shower and a small veranda, which serves as a rest room. Typically, the dimensions of such buildings are 3x5 m, 3x6 m, 4x4 m, 4x5 m and 4x6 m. Baths with an area of ​​4x8 or 5x5 m are already considered quite large and are able to receive groups of 5 people at a time. These are not just steam rooms, but separate houses with several rooms where you can relax in company.

Planning / Zoning

How many rooms will be in construction should be decided at the design stage. Bath planning directly depends on its area. Some rooms (dressing room, utility room) can compactly fit into 1 square meter, but for a recreation area or a steam room, space is already required. In the large baths provide for the following interior spaces:

  • Small entrance hall.
  • Waiting room or waiting room. In compact versions they are combined with a hallway.
  • Dressing room
  • Bathroom: toilet and shower. Sometimes they are combined with a dressing room.
  • Steam room This room is considered the main one.
  • Rest room and cooling. To it sometimes add a small kitchenette, a buffet. To cool in the summer, a gazebo is set up near the bathhouse or an outdoor terrace is attached to it.
  • Washing department or swimming pool, font. This addition can be taken out of the bath to the street or use the pond, river, which are located near the site.
  • Utility room. The rooms in which bath utensils and cleaning equipment are put.

In the comfortable baths, attached to the luxurious mansions or estates, additionally equip rooms for a good rest, which is not limited to seating at the table. In such rooms can be located billiard room, home cinema, area for board games and even dance floors.

If the area of ​​one floor in the bath for the location of all the rooms is not enough, it is worth considering the projects of two-story buildings. The budget, of course, will have to be increased, but the quality of rest will increase several times. On the second floor, as a rule, equip rest rooms.

    

With terrace or veranda

Bathhouses with verandas or terraces will provide the company with a great outdoor recreation, which is especially nice after a stuffy steam room when the cool breeze quickly cools the warmed body. The main advantage of these objects is the possibility of their arrangement after the completion of the main construction. Balconies and terraces can not even be marked on the original drawings. They are easy to build after the fact, when the owners understand that they need such additional sites for recreation. Comfortable terraces and verandas for those who love barbecue. The open air will not allow "bloating" the whole company and those gathered will not have to breathe smoke. To carry out lighting for gatherings at night to the terrace or gazebo is also quite easy: one or two light bulbs in the lampshades are enough. The lack of glass is compensated by a mosquito net. Among the shortcomings, only the inability to use the site in winter time is noted. Although there are glazed and warmed verandas.


    

With swimming pool or font

For spacious baths equip large pools. The internal location provides the possibility of their use all year round. For small jars choose compact fonts. These tanks can have both central and angular location. If there is no space for a tank with water in the bath at all, then it is taken out of the building, of course, when the dimensions of the site allow. Having a reservoir of cool water is very useful, because after a strong warming up of the body, it must be cooled. "Shock therapy" is considered part of the contrasting procedures, which are useful primarily for the skin. In winter, extreme lovers generally prefer to plunge into ice holes or to plop in snowdrifts and wipe with snow. Many such customs may seem wild and dangerous. In fact, they practically do not bring stress to the body, since a strongly heated body loses some of its usual sensitivity to cold. In rare cases, fonts are replaced with barrels of water. Something such units resemble Japanese furaco, but the water in them does not heat up, but remains cold.


    

Furniture and equipment for baths

In the bath there is always a powerful source of heat - the stove. This is the living heart of the building, which was previously treated with special trepidation. Depending on the material of the furnace is classified into the following types:

  • Brick. These units are quite massive and have a lot of weight. Do not recommend to put furnaces from a brick in baths with the shaky base. Fix laying with sand and clay. Cement for the construction of such units do not use, as it does not withstand high temperatures.
  • Metallic. Cast iron and steel furnaces are considered a budget option. They are quite simple to install: the whole process will be less time consuming than with a brick counterpart. Metal units are ideal for those masters who build a bath independently, but do not have the talents of the stove-setter.
  • Kamenka. This is the "old-fashioned" version, which was used in Russia. Stoves-heaters are ideal for Russian baths. They are durable, reliable and safe.

According to the type of fuel used, the furnaces are divided into the following types:

  • Wood and coal. Their use is advisable if there is a source of cheap fuel nearby - wood or mines. Such units will help to save on the payment of bills for electricity or gas. Wood-burning stoves are considered the most natural, natural option. Even the type of fuel is selected with special attention, since different types of wood give a certain smell and have individual heat transfer characteristics.
  • Gas. Convenient, easy to operate, but dangerous due to possible leakage of fuel in the furnace.
  • Electric. The safest option presented.

The main thing when choosing a stove: the correct calculation of compliance with its power and area of ​​the heated room. One more important nuance for high-quality rest is lighting. Light need to provide each room baths. In fact, all the rooms except the dressing room and the steam room retain the atmosphere characteristic of ordinary living rooms. For this reason, the wiring, cartridges, switches for them choose the same as for the bedroom or guest in the house.

But for the steam room and dressing room it is better to purchase special equipment that is designed to work in difficult conditions with high levels of humidity and high temperatures. Even light bulbs should buy special ones. Furniture for the bath is chosen in accordance with the stylistic decision. In expensive apartments put luxurious soft sofas, chairs, tables with marble countertops from designer collections. For simpler styles (country, Russian, Provence), they use coarse but functional furniture made of wood. For the rest room, a concise set of benches and a table is enough.


    

Where and from what to build a bath

A place for a bath should be chosen away from residential buildings. It is recommended to observe a distance of not less than 5 m. Norms of distances between buildings of various types (according to the material of the manufacture of structures, ceilings, individual elements of structures) are prescribed in the SNiP. Before construction, these provisions should be reviewed, so that you do not have to completely demolish the bath. The site must be flat. The slopes and the proximity of reservoirs (sources of moisture) can subsequently provoke a basement shift. If there are no flat places on the site, then use bulk soil, which is carefully tamped. You can not put a bath next to the neighbor's fence. The distance must be at least 1 m. The building should not obscure part of someone else’s site. You can not put a bath near the forest (minimum distance - 15 m). It is also forbidden to place this building near the wells or wells. A special requirement is placed on baths that are blackened. They generally need to be placed on the outskirts, and to the nearest building, keep a distance of 12 m.

All in the same SNiP indicated that at close proximity to the fence between the possessions, the slope of the roof (one-sided) must necessarily “look” at its site, and not the next one. Otherwise, precipitation can fill in someone else's territory. The rule does not apply to flat roofs. Dvukhskatnye have so that the adjacent area looked one of the gables.

    

Foundation selection

The foundation for the structure is of two types:

  • Tape;
  • Columnar.

The most durable and durable is considered tape. The depth of the foundation is calculated based on the level of freezing of the earth, which is different in different latitudes. First, pull out the pit of the desired depth. Its bottom is covered with a layer of sand. Then covered with a pillow of rubble or another type of stone of small fraction. After that, the entire "tape" is poured with concrete. Before solidification, metal reinforcement parts are added to the composition. Pillar foundation is used only for one-story light cans, which are made of wood. In essence, the building will stand on a system of piles that will lift it above the ground. The columnar foundation is suitable for any type of soil (even for regions where permafrost), easily adapts to areas with difficult terrain, and is quickly erected. After the construction of the base for the bath, they start working on the blind area.

Baths in the house

In the houses of the bath often located on the basement, basement and less ground floors. The combination of the residential part of the house and the steam room increases the risk of fire. Dry Finnish saunas are the most dangerous in this respect. Russian bath with moist air or compact Japanese ofuro is much more reliable. Experts recommend choosing electric furnaces for such sweating rooms, as it is the safest. Also, the room should be carefully isolated from the residential part of the house to prevent the spread of steam in other rooms, which is fraught with peeling wallpaper and soaking upholstered furniture upholstery. However, the baths in the house have a number of advantages, the main of which is the proximity of the object. To melt the furnace, it is not necessary to go outside the house. It is very convenient especially in winter. Of these banyukh usually can not go out and plunge into the snow or pond, while not rattling and not smearing the floors in the passage rooms.

Bath from a tree

Baths were traditionally made of wood. Due to the presence of micropores on the surface of the tree, it "breathes" and during heating it releases healing and aromatic particles. Do not recommend building baths from conifers, as they eventually become covered with resin. The leader among wood construction materials is timber. He is a carefully planed logs. Timber is different: profiled, glued, unplaned, solid, rounded. It is reliable, environmentally friendly and durable. The most durable is glued timber. It is produced by gluing dried lamellae, followed by fixing under a press. Unfortunately, like any other wood, timber can rot. However, special impregnation will help slow down this process. Over time, the material will decrease in size. The most active shrinkage in solid timber. The material retains heat well in the bath. Not so long ago a new word appeared on the construction market - “SIP-panels”. They are a kind of "sandwiches" and consist of two sheets of OSB, the gap between which is filled with polystyrene foam. The material can not be attributed to the environmentally friendly, but it qualitatively keeps the heat in the room and withstands even very low temperatures. SIP-panels look very inconspicuous, therefore they require decorative trim. The practice of using them in construction came to us from Canada. Fragile, at first glance, the panel, have good performance. It is easy to work with the material, and the building itself will be quite easy. To harmonize with a wooden bath will be tracks made of crushed stone or small pebbles, neatly trimmed lawn, rare mixborders or flower beds in tubs, low street lamps.


    

Freestanding brick

Brick baths have a higher service life than similar buildings made of wood and its derivatives. In terms of material costs, this option will eventually pay off twice, or even threefold. For the construction they use not only ordinary brick, but also gas concrete, gas silicate, foam block. These materials have a very unattractive appearance, and therefore require a decorative finish. Gas silicate blocks are made from water, lime, aluminum powder and sand. During the mixing of the components, they begin to emit gas, which provides the bricks with a porous structure, which makes them quite light. Foam blocks are made from water, sand, cement and a foaming agent. The shrinkage of the material depends on the quality of the mixing of the components during the mold. Because of this, the error in the geometry of foam blocks (up to 3 cm) is high. Aerated concrete is another kind of artificial brick. Although its service life exceeds 50 years, and in the classification by flammability, the material belongs to refractory, sometimes blocks can explode if placed close to sources of fire. Brick buildings on the site will be in harmony with stone fences and garden paths of rammed cobblestones, neat benches along park alleys, rock gardens and rockeries.

Varieties of baths

The practice of steaming in a special room / container is present in almost all cultures. But each country has its own traditions and peculiarities of visiting baths. And they were formed over many centuries. The longest "bath" stories can be considered Japanese and Russian. In the first case, the influence of Eastern peoples to the careful preservation of their customs, which they carry through the generations, has affected. In the situation with the Russian bath, the simplicity and accessibility of this method of washing, which have always played a major role for our man, is of importance. Consider the four most popular options that have been recognized not only at home but also abroad.

Russian

Initially, the Russian sauna was heated in the black. There was no pipe at the stove, so the smoke flowed directly into the steam room, where it circulated and warmed the walls. After that, he went out through special openings in the roof, walls (small windows) and a slightly opened door. Then the bath was ventilated so that carbon monoxide did not remain in it. After that, all the door-windows were closed, they washed the soot off the benches and the steam room was ready for use. По-черному такой способ прогрева помещения назвали из-за того, что потолок и стены в таком помещении закопчены. Чтобы периодически увеличивать влажность, в парной обязательно клали камни и емкости с водой. Жидкость выливали на разогретые булыжники, она моментально испарялась и воздух снова становился влажным. По-черному бани топили только бедняки.By the way, we bathed only once a week - on Saturday evening. Firstly, during the working days there was no time to melt the bath every day, it was easier to spend the whole day on the procedure. Saturday is the first day off, and on Sunday they attended church, which could not be done while being dirty. Bath day stretched from lunch to evening. We visited the steam room in groups (women and children, and then men). Do not disdain the bathhouse and crowned heads. In the royal dynasty of the Romanovs, the practice of visiting the steam room was constant. Over time, Russian bathhouses became more beautiful and noble. Wood is still considered a classic material, but now its ornate is decorated with carvings. Attached to the construction of the font with cold water - a small tank in which you can quickly cool. There are more rooms in the bathhouse: lounges, pools, buffets or summer kitchens have been added. But the principle of the procedure, as well as the therapeutic effect of it, remained unchanged.

An important attribute of the Russian bath is a broom. They are knitted from birch, alder, linden, healing herbs. The procedure for preparing a broom for use can take up to six months. First, the twigs are carefully selected, then they are connected in a special way. Then the brooms are dried, steamed and only after that they can be used in the bath.

    

Finnish

The Finnish sauna is the main competitor of the Russian log bath. Outwardly, both steam rooms are very similar, although they have a number of striking differences. Firstly, in Russian baths a high level of humidity is maintained (about 90%) and a rather mild temperature regime. In the Finnish sauna "dry" steam. The humidity level does not exceed 30%, and the temperature under the ceiling can reach 160 degrees. The Finnish sauna provides shelves at different levels. Those who do not like a shock temperature effect, choose a place closer to the floor. Extreme lovers prefer the shops under the ceiling. In the Finnish saunas do not use brooms. In conditions of such hot and dry air, the blow of the rods will easily burn the skin. Not attached to the saunas and fonts. Finns prefer to cool off in the spacious pools. Many argue about which bath is more useful: Russian or Finnish. In fact, both couples have a healing effect on the body. The only question is individual preferences: someone likes dry soaring, while others prefer the moist hot air of a Russian sauna.


    

Japanese

Japanese baths are a little similar to those steam rooms, to which we are all accustomed. Eastern culture is really very different from ours and the fact that the Japanese have become familiar to the rest of the world may seem interesting and original, and sometimes even strange. First, let's look at the types of baths that are used in the Land of the Rising Sun. There are three of them:

  • Ofuro;
  • Sento;
  • Furaco.

Ofuro is a rectangular wooden box with thick walls, filled with sawdust or pebbles. The contents of the container are heated, after which a person is immersed in it. In addition to the temperature effect on the body, small pebbles also have a massage effect. Ofuro is a type of compact baths, which not only will not occupy much space in the room, but also easily put together with their own hands. Furako - a small font, which is divided into two parts. In one of the shops are located and here is poured water. In the other part is placed the heating element. Most often in his role serves wood or electric stove. Hot water is initially perceived by a person as hard, but gradually the body gets used to the temperature and relaxes. Sento is a pool filled with hot water. In fact, this is the same furaco, but for large companies. They only go to the santo clean, always take a shower before the procedure. In the pool there is a special equipment that heats the water. The Japanese love contrasting water treatments. Therefore, first take a cold shower, and then swim in a hot pool. Each call lasts no more than 15 minutes.

    

Hammam

Hammam (Hammam) is a traditional Turkish bath. Roman baths were taken as a model for her. Unlike the Finnish sauna, where the room is sheathed with wood, the hammam is trimmed with tiles. The unusual name comes from the Arabic word "ham", which translates as "hot." In fact, the average temperature in the Turkish baths does not exceed 60 degrees, and the humidity level reaches 100%. Hammam is ideal for those who can not tolerate the "dry steam" saunas and high temperatures, as it creates a gentle atmosphere. First of all, this category includes hearts and people who have problems with pressure. Hammams in Turkey are still popular. Almost in every village there is such a bathhouse, and in the capital of the state there are more than one hundred. And there are both modern buildings with an original design, and beautiful, ancient hammams, in which distinguished guests soared in old times.


    

Design

In the baths embody the most diverse styles, but there is a group of trends that are particularly popular among designers. These include:

  • Country or country. Simple, uncluttered style is ideal for arranging cozy bathhouses in country houses. For construction use wood (rounded timber). The decoration also use wood and raw stone with a natural, rough surface. The decor in the room is done with their own hands: the tracks are woven from textile remnants, the tablecloths are decorated with embroidery, the curtains are sewn from flax or burlap into a cheerful cage.
  • Russian ethnic style. It is in many ways similar to the village one, but attributes of exclusively domestic interiors are added to the decor: samovars with a necklace of bagels, painted dishes, towels (embroidered towels), glachiki (clay pots). The furniture in the sauna master themselves. The massive benches and table, the surfaces of which are roughly hewn, will look colorful. To be inspired by Russian culture, it is enough to imagine a taiga village, abandoned in the snow, but surrounded by the incredible beauty of the harsh northern nature.
  • Chalet style. This direction is used in the design of residential buildings in alpine villages. The ceilings are decorated with massive wooden beams. Bathhouse itself is made of wood. In the interiors there are both rough surfaces and elegant details. It is worth noting that the main difference between the chalet from the country is in the cold elegance of style, which is not typical of a simple village. In the recreation room are necessarily present trophies: horns on the walls, animal skins. In order not to deprive oneself of the joy of seeing the surrounding beauties, the room is glazed with panoramic windows.
  • Scandinavian style. In many ways similar to a chalet, but more severe and categorical. In the Scandinavian style emphasize the color palette. Its basis is white - the color of snow. It is complemented with blue, blue, green and occasionally brown. The Scandinavian style is embodied in spacious baths, as the direction requires free spaces. The decor is used a little. Be sure to install panoramic windows.
  • High tech. Modern, high-tech style that is difficult to combine with traditional Russian baths. If you arrange the building in this direction, you will have to forget about the colorful wooden barrel and fluffy birch brooms. To set the temperature, just press a couple of buttons on the remote. To add a pair, you just need to set the timer. High tech only recognizes innovative technology. Baths are decorated with modern (often artificial) materials that are not afraid of high temperatures and humidity. In color scale prevails gray, white and black. The rest room is decorated with glass, chrome surfaces.
  • Minimalism and Japanese style. These directions can be easily combined into one group, since the first originates in the second. Minimalism is characterized by calm colors, where white prevails. The decor in the interior is almost absent. Furniture is chosen according to the principles of functionality. In the Japanese style in the decoration using only natural materials: wood, bamboo and a little less veneer. The furniture is simple, concise and low. "Sunbed" in the rest room can generally be organized from the mat and pillows. A special romance will be given to the interior by a group of Netsuke statuettes on the shelf and torch-totoro lanterns.
  • Classic style. The direction recognizes only luxury. In the interior of the recreation room they use expensive fabrics, generously decorated with ornaments and golden threads. In the finishing preference is given to polished stone and rare species of wood. The rest room is decorated with small sculptures, paintings, mirrors. Furniture choose massive, decorated with inlays and carvings.

Stylistic design is selected based on the aesthetic preferences of the owners. In addition to the above areas, bath houses often embody Provence (another kind of country music), Art Deco, luxury loft, antique and ethnic styles.

    

Conclusion

In Russia, the baths were surrounded with special honor. This place was given a sacred meaning, here they cleared not only the body, but also the soul. In Eastern culture, this process would be called meditation. It was even believed that the owner was better, from whom the bath was more beautiful, that is, he was not judged about the housekeeping of a person. Together with sweat, toxins and slags really leave the body, and with regular visits to the steam room, the state of the respiratory and circulatory systems improves. However, such procedures should not be abused. No wonder our ancestors bathed in the bath only once a week. This is quite enough for a comprehensive recovery without harm to the body. A bathhouse on the site is a great alternative to cramped showers and bathtubs. In it you can not only relax, but also arrange a meeting between going to the steam room in close circle of family and friends.

Watch the video: DIY Small Bathroom Remodel. Bath Renovation Project (March 2024).

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